Side-by-side comparison of Porcelain Alloys

Porcelain alloys are used to fabricate copings and other substructures for crowns and bridges. These metals are cast to create a strong and properly fitting base to support an esthetic porcelain fused to metal (PFM) crown or bridge. A wide range of high noble, noble and base metal compositions can be used for fabricating PFM substructures, so there are numerous alloys that can be used. When considering a porcelain alloy it is important to consider how well the alloy bonds with your prefered ceramic system. Other key attributes of these materials are their specific working properties for casting, along with color and esthetic qualities.


Company	Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.	Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.	Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.	Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.	Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.
Item	IPS d.SIGN 91 Porcelain Alloy	Aquarius Porcelain Alloy	BioUniversal E Porcelain Alloy	IPS d.SIGN 59 Porcelain Alloy	Y Porcelain Alloy
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Description	IPS d.SIGN 91 is an extra hard reduced gold ceramic alloy. Its mechanical and physical properties are coordinated with the IPS d.SIGN fluorapatite	Aquarius is a clinically proven high-gold ceramic alloy demonstrating outstanding properties.	BioUniversal is a silver-palladium universal alloy which is suitable as a substructure for veneers made of special ceramic and composite materials.	IPS d.SIGN 59 is a palladium-silver ceramic alloy. Its mechanical and physical properties are coordinated with the IPS d.SIGN fluorapatite glass-	Y is a high-gold ceramic alloy demonstrating outstanding properties.
Composition	Gold: 60 % Palladium: 30.6 % Indium: 8.4 % Gallium: 1 % Rhenium: Less Than 1 % Ruthenium: Less Than 1 %	Gold: 86 % Platinum: 11 % Tin: Less Than 1 % Indium: 2.5 % Iridium: Less Than 1 % Tantalum: Less Than 1 % Lithium: Less Than 1 %	Silver: 52.2 % Palladium: 40 % Tin: 5.5 % Indium: 1.4 % Rhenium: Less Than 1 % Ruthenium: Less Than 1 % Zinc: Less Than 1%	Palladium: 59.2 % Silver: 27.9 % Tin: 8.2% Indium: 2.7 % Zinc: 1.3 % Platinum: Less Than 1 % Rhenium : Less Than 1 % Ruthenium: Less Than 1 % Lithium: Less Than 1 %	Gold: 84 % Platinum: 7.1 % Palladium: 5.7 % Silver: 1.5 % Tin: Less Than 1 % Indium: Less Than 1 % Rhenium: Less Than 1 % Iron: Less Than 1 % Lithium: Less Than 1 %
Hardness	250 HV	160 HV	190 HV	230 HV	170 HV
Tensile Strength	108 N/mm²	79 N/mm²	127 N/mm²	139 N/mm²	81 N/mm²
Indications for Use	Onlays Inlays Partial Crowns Single Crowns Telescope And Conus Crowns Root Canal Posts Short And Long Span Bridges Implant Superstructures Model Casts	Inlays Onlays Partial Crowns Single Crowns Telescope And Conus Crowns Short-Span Bridges	Inlays Onlays Partial Crowns Single Crowns Telescope And Conus Crowns Root Canal Posts Short And Long Span Bridges	Onlays Inlays Partial Crowns Single Crowns Telescope And Conus Crowns Root Canal Posts Short And Long Span Bridges Implant Superstructures Model Casts	Onlays Inlays 3/4 Crowns Crowns Telescope And Conus Crowns PFM Crowns Posts Short And Long Span Bridges
Color	White	Rich Yellow	White	White	Yellow
Compatible Porcelains	Not Available	Not Available	Special Ceramics Composite Materials	Not Available	Not Available
Melting Interval	1,175° C - 1,305° C	1,010° C - 1,135° C	1,100° C - 1150° C	1,230° C - 1,310° C	1,170° C - 1,210° C
Casting Temperature	1,360° C - 1,420° C	1,190° C - 1,250° C	1,200° C - 1,260° C	1,365° C - 1,425° C	1,260° C - 1,320° C
Expansion	31 %	12 %	10 %	14 %	10 %
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