Endodontic hand files can be used for initial cleaning and shaping of root canals before turning the job over to rotary or reciprocating files. They also can be used for final canal prep before obturation, and even to compact obturation materials. The advantage of using hand files for initial cleaning and shaping is the tactile feedback the clinician gains from actually holding the file. These files should be easy to grip and available in a set of lengths and tapers that adhere to industry standards. In many cases, these files can be reused, so durability is a key component. Color-coded handles make it easy to properly identify the proper file size during treatment. These files are most commonly available as either stainless steel files or nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. Stainless steel hand files are fabricated from strong, yet flexible steel to allow them to properly clean and shape root canals or compact obturation materials. NiTi hand files are used during both routine and complex endodontic treatments because the nickel titanium material allows the files to bend to the shape of the canal while still providing the resiliency to get the job done. When selecting hand files, look for a system that is comfortable in your hands while providing the strength and durability you require.